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ifconfig
Initial releaseAugust 1983; 37 years ago
Operating systemUnix and Unix-like
TypeCommand
Mac os catalina

ifconfig (short for interface config) is a system administration utility in Unix-like operating systems for network interface configuration.

The utility is a command-line interface tool and is also used in the system startup scripts of many operating systems. It has features for configuring, controlling, and querying TCP/IP network interface parameters. Ifconfig originally appeared in 4.2BSD as part of the BSD TCP/IP suite.

Usage[edit]

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Common uses for ifconfig include setting the IP address and netmask of a network interface and disabling or enabling an interface.[1] At boot time, many Unix-like operating systems initialize their network interfaces with shell scripts that call ifconfig. As an interactive tool, system administrators routinely use the utility to display and analyze network interface parameters. The following two examples show the output of the tool when querying the state of a single active interface each on a Linux-based host (interface eth0) and the ural0 interface on an OpenBSD installation.

  • HWaddr: hardware address, MAC address.
  • The parameter txqueuelen is measured in number of Ethernet frames and is the size of the buffer that is being managed by the network scheduler.

Medium access control functions[edit]

ifconfig is also commonly used to change the medium access control (MAC) address of an interface. In this process, the network interface is first disabled (set down) with the ifconfig command, followed by a MAC change command:

Release status[edit]

The Berkeley Software DistributionUNIX operating systems (e.g., NetBSD, OpenBSD, and FreeBSD) continue active development of ifconfig and extension of its functionality to cover the configuration of wireless networking interfaces, VLAN trunking, controlling hardware features such as TSO or hardware checksumming or setting up bridge and tunnel interfaces. Solaris has historically used ifconfig for all network interface configuration, but as of Solaris 10 introduced dladm to perform for each interface.

Network Manager is a Linux daemon that automatically reconfigures the network in dynamic environments, such as moving between WiFi hotspots. It is usually used in conjunction with a graphical front-end such as GNOME Shell.

Versions of Microsoft Windows from Windows 95 to Windows Me used winipcfg to give a graphical display of current IP information. ipconfig, a command similar to ifconfig, comes with Microsoftoperating-systems based on the Windows NTkernel. ipconfig also controls the Windows DHCPclient.

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In macOS, the ifconfig command functions as a wrapper to the IPConfiguration agent, and can control the BootP and DHCP clients from the command-line. Use of ifconfig to modify network settings in Mac OS X is discouraged, because ifconfig operates below the level of the system frameworks which help manage network configuration.

iwconfig, a component of Wireless tools for Linux, which took its name from ifconfig, manages wireless network interfaces outside the original scope of Linux's ifconfig. iwconfig sets such specialized settings as a wireless network's SSID and WEP keys, and functions in tandem with iwlist. Linux also features iwspy, to read the signal, noise and quality of a wireless connection.

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Other related tools for configuring Ethernet adapters are: ethtool, mii-tool, and mii-diag in Linux and the command dladm show-link in Solaris.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^'Interface Configuration for IP'. Linux Network Administrators Guide. 3 August 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  2. ^net-tools on SourceForge.net
  3. ^Gundersen, Tom (8 June 2011). 'News: Deprecation of net-tools'. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  4. ^Jonathan Corbet (4 January 2017). 'Moving on from net-tools'. LWN.net. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  5. ^Litvak, Michail (6 March 2019). 'ip(8) manual page'. Retrieved 28 March 2019.

External links[edit]

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  • ifconfig(8), official manpage for Linux net-tools ifconfig
  • ifconfig(8), manpage for the FreeBSD ifconfig
  • ifconfig(8), manpage for the Solaris ifconfig
  • ipconfig documentation for Windows

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